In the vast and varied body of his work, none conveys his intellectual legacy more effectively than Mist, a monument of the philosophical novel and a masterpiece of modern experimental fiction. The meeting of author and character is more than an expression of Unamuno's thirst for eternal life through literature it is a dramatization of the nature of heteroglossia and a confirmation of the linguistic autonomy of the fictional character.A towering figure of political, philosophical, and literary controversy, Miguel de Unamuno was the undisputed intellectual leader of the brilliant Generation of 1898 that ushered in a second golden age of Spanish culture. The culmination of this process occurs in the famous scene where Augusto confronts Unamuno. These stages are accompanied by linguistic changes, as Augusto gradually sheds the voices of authority and acquires his own autonomous voice.
Unamuno's Niebla is essentially a Bildungsroman, in which Augusto Pérez progresses through a series of stages in an existentialist quest for self. In the process of maturation, the character passes through a series of ideological phases, each of which is characterized by the interaction of the character's language and the language of a given authority. "Authoritative discourse" is only one type of discourse that can be incorporated into the novel, especially a Bildungsroman. The authorial voice is only one among many and it is constantly challenged, muted, and reshaped as it enters into contact with other voices that are present in the text. The novel should not be viewed as having a single style but as a dynamic interaction between a variety of incorporated languages.
Bakhtin argues that the novel is characterized by many voices or styles which the novelist welcomes and exploits. Utilizing Mikhail Bakhtin's theory of the novel, this paper analyzes Niebla, one of Unamuno's most frequently studied works, to illustrate that new literary theories can enrich our reading of the text. More recent literary theory has eschewed approaches that foreground the author, preferring to focus primarily on the text or the reader. Miguel de Unamuno's works have often been studied as expressions of his philosophy or life experience.
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